This is from the Japan Times...
nb, both of my aikido teachers at RYA are Senshusei course graduates, at a time when the course was even harder than what is described below. They appear in Robert Twigger's book.

It was a riot: Carter and classmates pose for a shot with the riot police who joined them on the 11-month Senshusei Aikido course at the Yoshinkan Honbu Dojo. ANDREW CARTER

THE ZEIT GIST

Battered Briton survives aikido ordeal

Punishing course leaves Englishman bruised but hungry for more 'cultivation'

By DAMIEN OKADO-GOUGH

At the end of February, a group of international students graduated from the Tokyo-based Yoshinkan Honbu Dojo, one of the most intensive martial arts training centers in the world.

Eyesore: Andrew Carter sports a shiner after his first session at the Yoshinkan Honbu Dojo in Tokyo last year. TIES BEEK

Yoshinkan (meaning "hall for cultivating the spirit") is a style of aikido founded by Gozo Shioda after World War II. Made famous by the controversial book "Angry White Pyjamas" by Robert Twigger, the Senshusei Aikido training course was initially started at the dojo in 1957 to train members of the Tokyo riot police. In 1991 the 11-month program opened its doors to applicants outside the police force, and since then the course has attracted recruits from all over world.

One such recruit, Englishman Andrew Carter, 24, who graduated from the course this year, spoke to The Japan Times about his motivations for starting the program and his experiences over the nearly yearlong course.

"I always wanted to join the British Army's Royal Marines when I was in my teens, but in university I went off the idea of the military ― the killing people part ― but I still wanted to experience something similar in terms of the training," he recalls. Then he read "Angry White Pyjamas," and after coming to Japan as an English teacher on the JET program, he decided to sign up for the Senshusei course.

Training takes place from 7:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. five days a week, so paying his way was going to be a challenge. Arriving in Tokyo from Nagoya with only enough money for one month's rent, he shared a four-bunk hostel room with seven other people for the first two months of the course.

"I taught English to one of the guesthouse residents in exchange for food. I ate curry udon (noodles) for almost every meal for two months. One of the other guys, an American, had only pancake mix for two weeks of the first month."

Carter could have saved more money to help him get set up, but, he says, "I believed that a hard life outside the dojo was also important for one year, so I didn't mind coming with so little money. I was willing to endure the hardships it would bring."

The Senshusei course is famous ― some might say infamous ― for the severity of the training. Injury is not just possible, it's seemingly inevitable. The first training session of the course, says Carter, was "interesting."

"It was an hour of nonstop, difficult exercises. Out of 10 of us, one guy's legs gave out and he collapsed. I collided with another guy and he went to hospital with a cut to his head; I got a black eye out of that clash. One guy's nose started bleeding due to too many press-ups."

And this was only the first training session. For the next 11 months, Carter and his fellow trainees would endure three such sessions a day, five days a week.

"We all had bleeding backs due to hundreds of backward break-falls. The cuts would reopen each day and the backs of our dogi ― uniforms ― would turn red with blood stains. You're not allowed to start a training session with a dirty dogi, so one of the guys would tape women's sanitary towels to his back to soak up the blood."

Carter had damaged his knees during running activities in school, which made certain trials in particular all the more severe.

"My knees can become very painful. It makes seiza ― kneeling in the Japanese way ― a nightmare. Two months of the course focus onsuwari waza ― kneeling techniques ― so I wore knee supports, but other students who didn't found their knees would bleed from pivoting on them so much day after day. My training partner ended up on crutches as a result of suwari waza and seiza."

And if that was not enough, Carter also suffered back injuries.

"I damaged tissue around the lower back which lasted for about a month and a half. It made walking difficult. Sometimes I would collapse in work and my boss would have me over a table massaging my back."

Despite this, Carter stuck with the course and soon settled into the rigors of it. Then, two months after starting, he and his fellow trainees joined the police recruits for two out of the three daily classes.

"They were a mixed bunch," he says. "Two of them were girls, one a mother of two kids, three young guys and two older guys. Most of them would stick out anything. One guy kept training with a dislocated shoulder for an hour.

"When one of the international students was injured, we could take time off, but when one of the police was injured, as soon as they were fit enough to return to the dojo, they would be back. And if they couldn't train they'd be watching from the sidelines while standing in some sort of stress position. They were tough."

Soon, they started to get to know each other and bonds started to form.

"They were quite friendly to us. During our breaks we would relax together, eat lunch and use each other's medicines and ointments, etc. It is a requirement for the cops to have a black belt in a martial art before the course, so they were all black belts in judo, kendo or aikido."

But the friendship with the riot police members was not confined to the dojo.

"We had three dojo parties throughout the year. We had to perform for the teachers with the cops for our first one. We had a lot of fun at those parties. Most dojo parties ended with at least one of us or a cop passed out through drinking too much."

The police training course ended before the international students' course, but that was not the last of the camaraderie between the two groups, Carter explains.

"The cops left in November, but in February they turned up at our graduation, which was really cool of them. We didn't expect it, so it was a surprise."

Another surprise was the mental toll the course took on its participants, says Carter.

"I expected harsh training, brutal teachers and pain in my knees. I also was prepared for the possibility that I would not be physically strong enough to hack the course, but I was physically able to do everything that was asked of me. What I did not expect at the start of the course was how mentally demanding it would be."

Shugyo is a Japanese word that means "commitment to a discipline," and trainees on the Senshusei course must try to get a deep understanding of shugyo.

"Shugyo makes a great impact in the rest of your life; without some form of it, real training is impossible."

Soon after starting the course, Carter came to realize that he did not fully understand this concept.

"Others were studying techniques in their spare time while I was working or resting. It soon became clear that I was the weakest in the group as I was constantly making technical mistakes. I spent many embarrassing training sessions in front of my peers making mistakes. It was during this year that I decided I needed to re-evaluate my way of approaching life if I am to ever to be worthy of my black belt, if ever I'm to fulfill my full potential as a human being."

"I now see myself as a very different person. I used to drink and socialize a lot and leave studying to the last minute, but my year in the dojo has had a profound effect on me. It teaches you that you have to be focused, you have to predict what's coming up and study it and you have to be aware constantly of your own movements as well as being aware of a strict culture and of the teacher's needs."

"At the end of the year I see so many areas that I can improve on, in both aikido and in my life. But this is not a negative thing; it is very possible that without the course I would have never come to realize this. For me the course really unlocked a desire to do my best in all areas of life, not just the physical side of it, as I originally thought this year would develop."

Despite the physical and mental hardships that Carter endured over his year at the Yoshinkan Honbu Dojo, he feels it has all been worthwhile.

"I will take the course again and I hope to improve on the areas I am weak on. This I see as an exciting and rewarding challenge that stretches ahead of me for possibly the rest of my life, and this, more than anything else, is what I will take away from my year in the 'hall for cultivating the spirit.' "

On Aikido

OK, so let's talk aikido.

I LOVE AIKIDO. I think it is a complex, subtle, graceful, beautiful art. People are endlessly fascinated by aikido, and so am I. After more than 20 years of studying martial arts of all shapes and sizes, aikido remains a true love of mine.

Like any true love, however, it should not be blind, but instead be tempered with mutual respect and understanding. It should be based on trust. I trust that my training will develop in me a set of skills I can depend on if needed.

It is my view that aikido exists as a system that helps students learn some very important lessons in a safe and controlled manner.

Aikido, as it is commonly taught, doesn't work.

Shocked? You shouldn't be. Aikido is designed to teach specific lessons on body mechanics; for us to master CONCEPTS, not the techniques themselves. Therein lies the fallacy for most people. People who come to the aikido school looking for self defense are puzzled. "that would never work on the street", they say. They are right. We train aikido in a particular way to master the concepts behind the techniques, and to be able to practice them in repetition without injuring our training partners or ourselves. No one should EVER get injured practicing aikido,

Think about it. In combat, nobody would ever do a technique that they know has an ukemi.

In a fight, the goal will be to end the fight as quickly as possible. One technique and done. This cannot be achieved when we do techniques we know have ukemi, and we should always expect our opponent to be a well-trained martial artist of equal or greater ability. If we give them an out, we should expect them to take it.

Before you give up and go start studying Krav Maga, Muay Thai, or boxing - Wait. Aikido techniques illustrate some very effective and important ways of harnessing our strength and disrupting our opponent's balance. To summarize:

1) how to keep our head and hips in alignment
2) how to use our hips to generate linear and centrifugal power
3) how to control and use the center line
4) how to drop our weight or load the opponent on our hips
5) how to use our elbows to connect to our hip power
6) how to isolate our opponent's arms from their hip power
7) how to maintain contact with the ground and fall safely
8) how to strike using atemi to disrupt the opponent's focus
9) how to maintain contact with the opponent's body at all times
10) how to control/immobilize an opponent on the ground

In addition to the above, we must develop a deep understanding of "the aikido chain".

The major techniques of aikido are expressly designed to help us understand the chain of power from our opponent's wrist to elbow to shoulder to spine and head. Each one shows us how to control uke's head/spine by a single touchpoint in a different way. If you concentrate on uke's wrist, you miss the entire objective of the technique, which is always about following the chain of control to manipulate uke's shoulder and, ultimately, their head and spine.

Aikido's effectiveness as a martial art manifests in two main ways.

1) manipulating uke's head and spine from a single contact point
2) adjusting the angles and footwork to remove ukemi so the opponent has no escape

Sadly, many teachers of aikido do not understand how to make the techniques effective, or even how to explain their effectiveness to students once they are mature enough to need that knowledge. I personally do not advocate the study of martial arts that are not "martial". Without some real practicality, we lose the application of the art. At that point you might as well just play the piano.

Now, I want you to go back and carefully study all the aikido techniques you have seen and start to discover how each one moves uke's head and spine to take away their strength and balance. After that, begin to look at how to isolate and remove uke's ability to take an ukemi. Let me be clear: there is no ukemi in aikido. For combat, it does not exist. It is there only for safety during training.

Very quickly you will find aikido to have a deeper and much more effective side.
Done with the right intent and understanding, aikido is positively devastating - you should not need to be a 5th dan to understand that.

Use Your Head

Martial arts is more than just moving our bodies around. Proper training should yield a detailed understanding of the human body and how it functions. At a high level, this is learning where our key weapons are when we attack (hard points) and where to apply them on an opponent (soft points).

At a deeper level in Chinese martial arts you find systems like dim mak, where practitioners learn to use energy meridian theory as a means of disrupting the opponent.

While formidable, this is not enough. We must also complete our circle of knowledge by understanding how to deliver strength from our bodies (and remove it from others). Another related body of knowledge is about our health and healing. In our study of Hilot, we are taught several sub-systems such as massage/osteopathy, dietetics/naturopathy, and psychotherapy to keep ourselves in optimal condition and to promote our longevity.

In short, martial arts training is for those people who want to achieve a deeper understanding of the human body.

One of the basics is how to use your head.
When we use our body to deliver strength, we know that it must always be done with the head in alignment to the cervical spine. That is, we must have our head in alignment to generate power. This means no looking down, no looking sideways, no twisting of the head, and no leaning forward or backward. If any of these things occur, the power of the technique is diminished or removed completely.

When you train, it is very important to pay attention to the position of your head as you move.
Be sure you are not looking down. Be sure your head is not twisted or rotated for any movement. In principle, maximum power is generated when our head and hips are in the same alignment, since they are at either end of our spinal column. This is important to consider.

The converse is also true. When we fight, our primary objective should always be to ensure that the opponent's head and hips are NEVER in proper alignment, so our opponent is unable to generate power. Not only should we try to get the head/hips/spine out of alignment as soon as possible, our action should be designed to make sure the opponent never recovers that balance.

A very simple way of defining martial arts is to say that it is the "science of our strength applied to our opponent's weakness." This is worth thinking deeply about.

See you in class.